How Do Americans Celebrate Columbus Day?

Columbus Day is a federal holiday in the United States that commemorates Christopher Columbus's landing in the Americas on October 12, 1492. This holiday is observed on the second Monday of October each year. While the ways Americans celebrate Columbus Day vary, it often involves a mix of historical reflection, cultural events, and community activities.

Historical Background

Columbus Day became a federal holiday in 1937, originally meant to honor Christopher Columbus's voyage that led to the European awareness of the American continents. It also served as a way to recognize Italian-American heritage, as Columbus was Italian. Over time, the holiday has sparked debates and discussions about the impact of colonization on Native American populations.

Typical Celebrations and Traditions

Many Americans observe Columbus Day with activities that highlight Italian-American culture and history. Parades are a common feature in cities with large Italian-American communities, such as New York City and Philadelphia. These parades often include marching bands, floats, traditional Italian music, and dancers, celebrating Italian heritage and pride.

Schools and educational institutions sometimes hold special lessons or presentations about Columbus's journey and its historical significance. These lessons may include discussions about the Age of Exploration, the impact on indigenous peoples, and the broader context of world history.

Community Events and Cultural Festivals

In addition to parades, cultural festivals take place in various communities. These festivals showcase Italian food, art, and music, providing an opportunity for people to experience and appreciate Italian culture. Some communities host fairs with traditional Italian crafts and goods.

Religious ceremonies and masses are also part of the celebrations in some areas, especially where Italian-American Catholic communities are prominent. These services often honor Columbus as a symbol of faith and perseverance.

Government and Public Observances

On Columbus Day, many government offices, banks, and schools close in observance of the holiday. Federal employees receive the day off, and some states recognize Columbus Day as an official public holiday. In contrast, other states and cities have chosen to replace or supplement Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day to honor Native American cultures and histories.

Changing Perspectives and Alternative Celebrations

In recent years, there has been growing awareness and criticism of Columbus Day due to the negative consequences of European colonization for indigenous populations. This has led some communities to reframe the holiday or choose to celebrate Indigenous Peoples' Day instead. This alternative day focuses on recognizing and honoring the history, culture, and contributions of Native American peoples.

Some schools and organizations now include programming that acknowledges both Columbus's voyage and the indigenous peoples' experiences, promoting a more balanced historical perspective.