When preparing for a tech interview, you might encounter questions involving arrays and permutations. One common problem asks you to build an array based on a given permutation. This task is straightforward, but understanding the logic behind it is essential. In this article, I'll explain what this problem is about, how to approach it, and provide a clear example with code.

How to Build an Array from a Permutation in Coding Interviews?

Getting the first business-to-business (B2B) client is a big milestone for any startup. It opens the door to more sales, builds credibility, and can lead to partnerships and referrals. But most startups struggle with this step because businesses are careful about trusting new vendors. Here’s a clear guide on how you can win your first B2B client.

How Can a New Startup Win Its First B2B Client?

Voice-to-text technology allows people to speak and have their words transformed into written text automatically. This makes typing faster and helps assist people with disabilities. But how does a computer understand what you are saying? This article explains the basic process behind this technology and how computers turn your speech into text.

How Does Voice to Text Work in the Back? How Can Computers Know Your Words?

If you are preparing for a tech interview and encounter a question about the sum of k-mirror numbers, it’s important to understand what these numbers are and how to find their sum efficiently. In most cases, the problem involves generating numbers that are palindromic in both their decimal and k-ary representations, called k-mirror numbers, and then summing the first N of these numbers.

How to Calculate the Sum of K-Mirror Numbers?

AI is no longer just a topic for scientists and tech companies. It is transforming everyday life in ways many people do not notice. AI is moving fast, changing industries, jobs, and how we do things every day. This change is happening more quickly than most realize.

Is AI Changing the World Faster Than Most Realize?

AI coding assistants are becoming common tools for software developers. A key capability is their ability to work with projects where the code is spread out across many different files and folders. This allows them to make intelligent suggestions and perform complex tasks that affect the entire application. Their ability to do this is not magic; it's a systematic process of analyzing your entire project to build a deep model of how everything works together.

How Do AI Coding Agents Work With Code in Multiple Files?

In many programming challenges, especially during tech interviews, you'll come across problems that ask you to find the maximum possible number that can be achieved based on specific rules or constraints. One common example is the "Find the Maximum Achievable Number" problem, where you're given a set of operations, starting points, or constraints, and you need to determine the largest number you can generate.

How Can You Find the Maximum Achievable Number?

Starting a tech startup is exciting, but one of the biggest questions founders face is: how much should you pay developers? The cost of hiring and building your team has a huge impact on your company's success. Let’s break down what you can expect to spend on developer salaries in 2025 and the total cost to form your first tech team.

How Much Should You Pay for a Developer Salary in 2025 in the USA?

Starting a new web project means choosing the right tools to get the job done. The framework you pick can impact how quickly you develop, how well your site performs, and how easy it is to update later. With so many options available, selecting the best framework might seem overwhelming. This guide will help you make a clear decision.

How Do I Choose the Right Framework for My New Web Project?

Converting a doubly linked list to an array is a common task in various programming scenarios, especially when you need easier access to elements or want to perform array-specific operations. Understanding how to perform this conversion helps in optimizing your code and working efficiently with different data structures. Here, you'll find a clear explanation along with an example implementation in JavaScript.

How do I convert a Doubly Linked List to an Array in JavaScript?

Concatenating two arrays is a common task in programming. It allows you to join two sequences of data into a single array, making it easier to process or analyze combined data sets. This operation is useful in many situations, such as merging search results, combining lists of items, or preparing data for further processing.

How Do You Concatenate Two Arrays in Programming?

Managing a project can be challenging. It involves juggling tasks, coordinating team members, setting deadlines, and staying within budget. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers tools and solutions that can make this process easier and more efficient. This article explains how AI can assist in various aspects of project management.

How Can AI Help With Your Project Management?

Understanding how to convert temperatures between Celsius and Fahrenheit is a common question in programming interviews. This task tests your ability to work with basic mathematical formulas, handle user input, and implement simple functions efficiently. Let's walk through the problem and look at some example solutions to help you prepare.

How Do You Convert Temperatures Between Celsius and Fahrenheit?

Creating an accurate and well-structured proposal is a critical step in securing software development projects. A common challenge is estimating the labor effort — how many developers will be needed, for how long, and what the total cost will be. Clients often look for justification behind team size and timeline. This guide outlines a practical approach to estimating labor for software projects, using a realistic example, and shows how to explain your estimate when it differs from the client’s expectations.

Estimating Developer Needs and Labor Cost in Software Projects

When working with linked lists in programming, it’s common to encounter scenarios where you need to print the elements starting from the last node back to the first. This task becomes interesting especially when dealing with an immutable linked list — a list where nodes cannot be modified after creation. Unlike mutable lists, you cannot simply change pointers, which means your approach must respect the immutability.

How Can You Print an Immutable Linked List in Reverse?

Understanding how to calculate the score of a string is a common question in tech interviews, especially for roles involving programming, data manipulation, or algorithm design. In most cases, the score of a string refers to a value derived from its characters based on certain rules. One typical example is assigning scores to characters based on their positions in the alphabet and then summing those scores. This type of problem helps demonstrate your ability to work with strings, loops, and basic ASCII values.

How to Calculate the Score of a String?

Many gamers are curious about new hardware that might improve their experience. Recently, AI chips have become popular in different fields. Some wonder if these chips can be used to play 3D video games. This article explains what AI chips are and whether they can help enhance 3D gaming.

Can You Use AI Chips to Play 3D Games?

Writing functions in Node.js is a fundamental skill that helps in building efficient and organized code. Functions allow you to reuse code, break complex tasks into smaller parts, and make your scripts easier to understand and maintain. In this article, you will learn how to write functions in Node.js, with clear examples to guide you.

How Do You Write a Function in Node.js?

In many programming interviews, you might encounter questions involving subsets of an array or list of numbers. One common problem is to find the sum of XOR values of all possible subsets of a given array. Understanding how to approach this problem efficiently is important, especially when the input size grows large.

How to Calculate the Sum of All Subset XOR Totals

Creating a landing page quickly and efficiently is important for many online projects, marketing campaigns, and product launches. Using AI tools can help streamline this process. This article will guide you through simple steps to use AI for designing and writing a landing page, with practical code examples to make the task easier.

How Can You Use AI to Design and Write a Quick Landing Page?

Many users wonder whether modern web browsers have a built-in speech-to-text feature they can access and use in their own web projects. The good news is that most popular browsers do support speech recognition technology, which allows users to convert spoken words into text directly within a web application. This article explains how this feature works and provides simple code examples to help you integrate speech-to-text into your websites.

Does the browser have a built-in speech-to-text feature?

Wildcard pattern matching is a common problem in programming and is often asked in technical interviews. It involves checking if a given string matches a pattern that includes special characters, typically `?` and `*`. The `?` wildcard matches any single character, while the `*` wildcard matches any sequence of characters, including an empty sequence. Understanding how to implement this efficiently is valuable as it tests your ability to handle string manipulations, dynamic programming, and algorithmic thinking.

How Do You Implement Wildcard Pattern Matching?

When preparing for a tech interview, understanding classic problems like the Jump Game is essential. Many interviewers ask about this problem because it tests your ability to handle greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, and array traversal techniques. In this article, I will explain what the Jump Game problem is, how to approach it, and will include clear code examples for solving it efficiently.

How Do You Solve the Jump Game?

If you're building a serious product and want full ownership of your lead gen experience, building your own chatbot with a JSON-driven engine is a no-brainer. It’s lightweight, flexible, and future-proof — and once set up, can be just as easy to manage as any no-code tool.

How to Build a Lead Generation Bot Without a Chatbot Builder

Apple's Liquid Glass UI, unveiled at WWDC 2025, promises to redefine user interfaces with its stunning depth and responsiveness. As front-end developers, we immediately took on the challenge: how closely can we recreate this beautiful, dynamic effect using only HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the web?

Apple’s “Liquid Glass” is Here, and We Tried to Recreate It for the Web

Regular Expression (Regex) Matching is a common topic in technical interviews for software engineering roles. Interviewers often ask candidates to explain how regex matching functions or to implement regex matching from scratch. Understanding how regex matching works is key to solving many pattern searching problems efficiently. This article explains the core concepts behind regex matching, illustrates with clear examples, and provides a simple code implementation.

How Does Regular Expression Matching Work?

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have become a significant part of many technology applications. These models can understand and generate human-like text, making tasks like customer service, content creation, and data analysis easier. But as these models grow more powerful, issues around privacy and data security also come into focus. This is where local large language models are starting to make a difference, creating fresh chances for businesses that prioritize privacy.

How Do Local Large Language Models Open New Opportunities for Privacy-Focused Businesses?

One common question in technical interviews, especially for roles related to algorithms and data structures, is the "Trapping Rain Water" problem. This problem tests your understanding of arrays, two-pointer techniques, and your ability to optimize solutions for efficiency. In this article, we'll go over what the problem involves, an efficient approach to solving it, and a clean code example to help you prepare.

How Do You Solve the Trapping Rain Water Problem in Coding Interviews?

Many developers face the challenge of updating older JavaScript code that uses callback functions to modern Promise-based syntax. This change improves code readability, simplifies error handling, and makes it easier to work with asynchronous operations. In this article, you'll learn how to convert callback-based functions into Promise-based functions, with clear examples to guide you through the process.

How Do I Convert a Callback-Based Function to a Promise in JavaScript?

AI agents are quickly emerging as the centerpiece of the next phase in generative artificial intelligence, drawing major investment from leading technology companies. Unlike earlier AI models that primarily generated content or answered questions, these agents are designed to perform complex tasks autonomously, requiring minimal human intervention.

Are AI Agents the Next Frontier in Generative Artificial Intelligence?

Marketing has been around for a long time. It involves reaching out to people to tell them about products or services. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has started to change how marketers work. This article will explain how AI is helping traditional marketing become more effective and easier.

How is AI Helping Traditional Marketing?

AI tools have become a common part of our lives. They help with daily tasks, answer questions on many topics, and give recommendations. This leads to a new question: Should AI be allowed to answer medical questions? Let’s look at the different sides of this topic.

Can AI Be Allowed to Answer Medical Questions?

Customer support is a key part of any business. It helps keep customers happy and builds loyalty. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has changed how companies handle customer support. AI makes support faster, more accurate, and available around the clock. This article explains how AI is transforming customer support and what benefits it brings to businesses and customers alike.

How Is AI Powering Customer Support?

When working with JavaScript arrays, one common question is: What is the maximum index an array can have? Understanding the upper bounds of array indexes is important, especially when dealing with large datasets or performance-sensitive applications.

What is the maximum index in a JavaScript array?

Large Language Models are powerful tools that can interpret and create human-like text. A common question is whether these models can directly access and query information stored in a SQL database. The answer is yes, with the right approach and engineering setup.

How can a Large Language Model search through a SQL database?

When working with JavaScript, a common task involves combining two arrays into an object. This often arises when you have one array containing keys and another containing corresponding values. Knowing the right method to do this efficiently can make your code cleaner and more effective. In this article, we will explore straightforward ways to create an object from two arrays, with clear examples to help you understand the process.

How can I create an object from two arrays in JavaScript?

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is a term that often comes up when discussing the future of machines and automation. Many wonder what AGI means, how it differs from other forms of artificial intelligence, and whether the idea of AGI still captures the interest of many people today. This article will explain AGI clearly and look at how relevant or popular the concept remains.

What Is AGI and Is the Concept Still Popular?

Creating demo data is a common task for developers who want to showcase their web application, test new features, or simulate user interaction. Using Python to generate demo data allows for quick, automated, and customizable data creation. This guide provides simple steps to help you generate demo data efficiently for your web project.

How to Create Demo Data for Your Web Application Using Python?

Using large language models (LLMs) like GPT can be very helpful for many tasks. But sometimes, the texts we want to analyze are too long. Long texts can be a challenge because most AI models have limits on how much they can process at once. This article will explain how to handle and make the most of long texts when working with AI.

How Can I Deal with Long Texts When Using a Large Language Model?

A function is one of the most important ideas in mathematics. You will encounter functions everywhere, from basic arithmetic to complex physics problems. They help us understand relationships between numbers and how one value can affect another. In this article, we'll break down what a function means, why it's valuable, and how you can work with it.

What is a Function in Maths?

If you've spent any time in web development, you've likely come across the term CSRF token, often nestled in form configurations or API security discussions. While it might sound like a complex piece of jargon, the concept is fundamental to protecting web applications from a common and serious vulnerability: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).

Understanding CSRF Tokens and How They Keep You Safe

Asynchronous programming is a way of writing code that allows multiple tasks to run at the same time without waiting for each one to finish before starting the next. It helps programs become more efficient, especially when handling tasks that take some time to complete, like loading data from the internet or reading files from a disk. This article explains what asynchronous programming is, how it works, and why it is useful.

What is Asynchronous Programming?

Many people wonder if giving large, detailed prompts to language models makes them slower. This is especially relevant as prompts become more complex with more words and instructions. In this article, we'll look at whether long system prompts really affect how fast a language model (LLM) responds and what factors play a role.

Will Long System Prompts Slow Down the LLM's Performance?

Maintaining code for small projects can become challenging as the number of files and features grow. Even small projects need a good structure to stay clean, organized, and easy to update. Proper practices save time and prevent issues in the long run. This article covers simple, effective ways to keep your project’s code well-maintained.

What are the Best Practices to Maintain a Project's Code

When working with text on your computer, especially in text editors or programming environments, you might notice strange characters appearing unexpectedly. One common hidden character is `<0x200b>`. Many people wonder what this character is and whether it has any impact on the text they see or use. This article explains what `<0x200b>` is, why it appears, and if it should concern you.

What is <0x200b>, and Does It Affect Your Text?

The field of artificial intelligence is seeing a definite shift from generalized assistants to specialized, active agents. These AI are not merely answering queries; they are performing tasks. A primary example of this trend is happening within software development, where AI agents are becoming a core part of the coding process. This integration points to a future where dedicated agents will become standard tools across many industries.

The Next Evolution of AI is Here: Agents Get to Work

Prices seem to be rising everywhere, and technology is no exception. From gadgets to software subscriptions, most people are noticing that their budgets don’t stretch as far as they used to. Why is this happening? Let’s look at how inflation affects the cost of using technology and what it means for your wallet.

Is Inflation Pushing Up the Cost of Using Technology?

AJAX is a term you might see often if you explore web development. It's actually not a programming language or a single technology. Instead, it's a way to build websites and web applications that feel more interactive and smooth for users.

What is AJAX in Web Development?

Markdown has become the go-to format for working with large language models (LLMs). Its simplicity makes it a popular choice for creating, sharing, and processing text data. In this article, we look at the reasons why Markdown has earned this position as a standard.

Why Is Markdown Format a Standard Document for Large Language Models?

Planning the right number of developers for an IT consulting project is crucial for its success. Too few developers can cause delays, while too many can lead to unnecessary costs. This article provides clear steps to help you estimate the number of developers your project needs.

How to Plan the Number of Developers Needed in IT Consulting

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a popular way for companies to offer software solutions. It provides users with access to applications stored online, often on a subscription basis. Many businesses are interested in understanding the different ways to generate revenue from SaaS products. This article covers some common SaaS business models that companies use to grow and succeed.

What Are the Possible Business Models in SaaS?

Creating web applications can be done with many programming languages and frameworks. Python and Node.js are two popular choices for building server-side applications. Both have unique features and strengths, making them suitable for different types of projects. This article compares Python and Node.js server frameworks to help you choose the right one for your needs.

What Are the Main Differences Between Using a Python or Node.js Server Framework?

Planning a successful software project extends far beyond the scope of writing code. It demands a meticulous financial strategy that accounts for all costs over the project's entire lifecycle. These expenditures are broadly classified into two fundamental categories: upfront Capital Expenditures (Capex) and ongoing Operational Expenditures (Opex). A thorough understanding of both is paramount for organizations to forecast budgets with precision, make informed strategic decisions, and ultimately ensure the project's long-term viability.

The Critical Role of Upfront Capex and Ongoing Opex in Software Development

Many people use large language models for different tasks. Sometimes, they want the AI to respond in a specific language. A common question is whether it’s better to write the entire prompt in that language or keep it in English and ask the AI to answer in a foreign language. This article will help you decide what approach might work best.

Should I Write a Prompt to an LLM in a Foreign Language?

Vocal backchannels are small sounds or words that listeners use during a conversation to show they are paying attention, understanding, or encouraging the speaker. These sounds are often unnoticed but are very important in communication. They help keep conversations flowing smoothly and make speakers feel heard and supported.

What Is a Vocal Backchannel?

When displaying text on a new system, especially content written in less widely used languages, characters may appear broken, garbled, or replaced with question marks. This often happens due to encoding mismatches. UTF-8 is a widely used character encoding standard designed to handle text from any language and is now the default format for most modern platforms and applications. Ensuring that your files are saved and read using UTF-8 helps avoid these issues.

UTF-8 Display Issues on New Systems and How to Fix Them

Building a reliable Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system is important for creating accurate AI solutions. RAG combines the strengths of information retrieval with language models to provide better responses. However, getting consistently high accuracy requires careful setup and ongoing effort. This article outlines practical ways to improve the accuracy of RAG search operations.

How Can You Improve the Accuracy of RAG Search in an AI Solution?

Programming is about solving problems efficiently. Developers aim for simple, clear, and effective code. But when AI tools are involved, the solutions often become more complex than needed, and the suggestions can seem unnecessary or confusing. This article explores why AI in programming tends to make things more complicated and how that impacts developers.

Why does AI in programming tend to overcomplicate solutions and suggest unnecessary changes?

Virtual telephone systems have become common tools for businesses that need flexible communication options. These systems allow companies to set up local or international phone numbers without owning physical lines in each country. This article explains how virtual phone numbers work and why companies like Twilio and Infobip can offer such a wide variety of numbers worldwide.

Why virtual telephone companies can sell so many phone numbers from different countries

When you are looking for a specific product on a website, you expect to find it quickly. You type in what you want, and the website shows you a list of items. For a long time, this process was straightforward. A simple search for red shoes would show you red shoes. Now, many sites are using artificial intelligence to help with searches. While this can sometimes be helpful, it can also lead to results that are not as accurate as the old-fashioned way. This article will explain why a direct search query can still be more reliable.

Why is AI search sometimes less accurate than a simple search?

An iframe is a simple tool in web development that can make websites more interactive and flexible. If you browse the internet daily, you have probably used a website with iframes, even without knowing it. This article will explain what an iframe is, how it works, and why web developers choose to use it.

What is an iframe and Why Do We Use It?

Choosing the right framework is critical in backend development. If you're working with Python and looking to build modern, high-performance APIs, FastAPI is gaining strong traction — but how does it stack up against the veteran Django? This article introduces FastAPI, shows a simple example, and then compares it to Django in terms of speed, architecture, and ideal use cases.

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What Is AGI and Is the Concept Still Popular?